12 طرح صنعتي برتر و انقلابي ۱۰۰ سال اخیر

دیروز مصادف بود با روز جهانی طراحی صنعتی و به عنوان بخشی از برنامه بزرگداشت این روز CNN از تعدادی از بزرگ‌ترین طراحان دنیا خواست که نامزدهای خود را معرفی کنند. نتیجه نهایی این نظرسنجی یک فهرست ۱۲ تایی جالب است که در ادامه با هم مرور می‌کنیم.

۱- مکینتاش اپل: معرفی مکینتاش در سال ۱۹۸۴ توسط اپل، صنعت کامپیوتر را یک گام به پیش برد. این کامپیوتر نرم‌افزار و سخت‌افزار را به صورت متناسبی درهم‌آمیخت.

۲- موتورسیکلت وسپا: ۵۷ سال پیش پیاژیو، موتور افسانه ای‌اش به نام وسپا (در زبان ایتالیایی به معنی زنبور است) را تولید کرد. جالب است بدانید در همان آغاز کار و طی ده سال ، یک میلیون موتور وسپا تولید شد. همچنین محبوبیت این وسیله نقلیه تا جایی پیش رفت که لغت Vespare به معنای با وسپا به جایی رفتن به فرهنگ لغت زبان ایتالیایی اضافه شد.

وسپا طوری طراحی شده که هم توسط مردان و هم زنان به راحتی قابل استفاده بود. وسپا چیزی فراتر از یک محصول صنعتی صرف بود و رد پایی در فرهنگ و جامعه هم برجا گذاشت، تا جایی که محبوب بیتلز‌ها شد و در فیلم زندگی شیرین یا La Dolce Vita «فیلنی» هم جلوه‌گری کرد.

۳-آسانسورها و پله‌های برقی . با خلق چنین بالاروهایی بود که آسانسورها و پله‌ها برقی با هنر معماری ترکیب شدند:

۴- هواپیماهایی فضایی شرکت Virgin Galactic: در سایه چنین طراحی کارا و زیبایی بود که رؤیای توریست‌های فضایی و امکان دیدن سیاره زیبایمان از آن بالا محقق شده است:

۵- تفنگ‌های AK-47: یک طراحی بی‌نظیر و مقتصدانه در دوران شوروی سابق. تفنگ‌های کلاشنیکف هنوز هم محبوب ارتش‌ها و گروه‌های نظامی در سراسر دنیا هستند.

۶- فلپی دیسک‌ها: درست است که صدای ناهنجار فلپی‌ها هنگام ذخیره و باز کردن اطلاعات، سخت آزارنده بود، اما از نظر طراحی وقعا زیبا بودند.

۷- آی‌پادها که شیوه تعامل ما را با موسیقی دگرگون کردند، حاصل نبوغ یک طراح منحصر به فرد نبودند، بلکه گروهی این نسل از پخش‌کننده‌های تأثیرگذار را طراحی کردند:

۸- صندلی‌های Aeron : این صندلی‌های راحت به دوره صندلی‌های سنگین و ناراحتی که ارگونومیک نبودند پایان دادند و آسایش را برای پشت‌میزنشین‌ها به ارمغان آوردند.

۹- پخش‌های استریوی Bang & Olufsen: این پخش‌‌کننده‌های زیبا با طراحی بسیار مدرن خودشان در سال‌های دهه ۱۹۷۰ بسیار جالب توجه بودند.

۱۰- ایرباس A380: یا سوپرجامبو، بزرگ‌ترین جت مسافربری دنیاست، این هواپیما در سال ۲۰۰۵ برای خاتمه دادن به سلطه بوئینگ رونمایی شد و می‌تواند بیش از ۸۵۰ نفر را در اسمان جابجا کند.

۱۱- خودروی فورد مدل T: این خودرو بین سال‌های ۱۹۰۸ تا ۱۹۲۷ تولید می‌شود و نخستین خودرویی بود که از نظر اقتصادی برای طبقه متوسط قابل تهیه بود.

۱۲- موتور جت: اگر «فرانک ویتل» نبود و نخستین موتور جت را اختراع نکرده بود، بشر به بسیاری از پیشرفت‌های کنونی دست نیافته بود.

منبع : cnn

 

The 12 best designs from the past 100 years

Blueprint is a new series exploring the very latest design and technology trends. Gianfranco Zaccai is the co-founder, president and chief design officer of Continuum, a global innovation and design consultancy. Follow Continuum on Twitter.

(CNN) — Is the much-loved Piaggio Vespa more iconic than the floppy disk? Is the iPod more of a design classic than the Airbus A380?

These are the questions we put to some of the world's greatest designers when we asked them to nominate what they believe to be the most iconic industrial design from the last 100 years.

This Saturday, the international design community will celebrate World Industrial Design Day. To mark the event, CNN spoke to Gianfranco Zaccai, CEO of global design and innovation consultancy Continuum. Zaccai and his team have been behind some of the most well-known products of the last three decades — including the iconic Reebok Pump — and have worked with brands including American Express, PepsiCo and Samsung.

CNN asked the celebrated innovator about his views on what constitutes good design at the turn of the millennium. What do you think are the most iconic designs from the last 100 years? Let us know in the comments section below.

CNN: What are the three most important principles of good product design?
Gianfranco Zaccai
Gianfranco Zaccai

Gianfranco Zaccai (GZ): I think these three principles apply to not just product design, but good design in general:

1. Empathy: empathy is a realization that you are not designing for yourself but for others. You have to get into the lives of the people who will use it.

Read: Is this the world's oddest instrument?

2. Pragmatism: realize there are some things you have to deal with to fulfill this type of product or service. It has to fulfill the performance requirement, it has to be cost effective and it has to be producible — all things you can quantify.

3. Passion: if you just stop at what you can quantify and measure you haven't gone far enough. Think about a great meal you have had. It's not just the ingredients that make it great, but the creativity and sensitivity of cook that makes it special.

CNN: How do you keep the spirit of innovation in your company alive?

GZ: First and foremost it's about hiring really good, talented people who think holistically about understanding people's lives and then solving problems in a rational and emotional way. It's about surrounding yourself with people with different skill sets and sensibilities where they stimulate and inform each other. The best outcomes come from bringing two or more sensibilities together and the end result is more than the sum of the two people.

Read: Intelligent robot recycles waste
Design is about identifying real needs and desires
Gianfranco Zaccai, industrial designer

CNN: What's the best way for an amateur designer to turn a great idea into a reality?

GZ: In my mind, there are no amateur designers. They love what they do, they just may not be getting paid for it yet. There are lots of different people who didn't study engineering or design who come up with great ideas. The important thing is for them to step outside of themselves and understand what they are sensing may be reflective of a broader need. They should see what they can perceive about a certain context and come back and re-look at their idea.

Then it is time to take it further. Don't be afraid to share it with others who can help make it stronger. The most difficult thing about vetting new ideas is knowing which idea is truly great and which one of those are truly deployable, and then making it real by addressing all of the functional, emotional and cost issues.

And lastly, having the perseverance to overcome the organizational obstacles in getting that innovation into a socioeconomic system where it can be disseminated and revenue generating. You have to be able to see the opportunity, develop it, support it and promote it and, almost always, you need creative partners to do all of it. To be the innovator and champion of the original vision is where the passion of an amateur comes in.

Read: how electric paint is changing the way the world is wired

CNN: How does the environment you work in affect creativity?

GZ: An environment is important but it's not just one environment or office that fosters creativity. We allow people to work in different ways. Some space allows our team to work where they can be introspective and concentrate deeply and others that are more collaborative and allows them to interact with others both physically and virtually.

Read: Off-road chair that changes lives
You have to be able to see the opportunity, develop it, support it and promote it
Gianfranco Zaccai, industrial designer

CNN: Is product design a science or an art?

GZ: It's neither science nor art but some of both. Design tries to leverage scientific and technological opportunities and limitations with an understanding of human beings and their psychological, social, and cultural context. Design is about identifying real needs and desires; solving problems while connecting with people emotionally. Design is about making a positive difference in people lives, which they embrace because of the holistic value it provides. It's functional, fun, enjoyable, uplifting and sustainable.

CNN: What are the most common mistakes people make when designing a new product?

GZ: I think the most common mistake that people make when designing something new is not really understanding the true issues and thinking that design is all about aesthetics.

Read: Is this what the future holds?

CNN: What's the best piece of advice anyone has ever given you?

GZ: "You don't know what you don't know." A young engineer said that to me once and it's really true. The idea of not starting off anything as "the expert", even if you happen to know a lot about it, is a good way to create new paradigms and not just repeat the past.

 

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